The Science of Reading refers to a vast array of evolving research across many disciplines that details how literacy proficiency develops and addresses why some students struggle to develop reading and writing skills. The Science of Reading informs us about best practices in instruction and assessment, including how to improve student outcomes through prevention and intervention of reading difficulties.

In 2014, The International Dyslexia Association (IDA) coined the term “Structured Literacy” to embody the scientifically based elements of literacy instruction that are essential for all students learning to read and write. Structured Literacy is a comprehensive approach to literacy instruction, not one specific program.

Structured Literacy is an umbrella term intended to:

• • • Embody reading research and differentiate evidence-based methods from instruction lacking scientific support
    • Identify approaches and programs that align with the IDA’s Knowledge and Practice Standards (KPS)

The Pennsylvania Structured Literacy Standards were adapted from IDA’s Knowledge and Practice Standards, and they outline competencies for teachers of reading by certification: PK-4, 4-8, English as a Second Language, Reading Specialist, and Special Education.

Research has established that learning to read and write is heavily based in language processes; therefore, Structured Literacy provides a framework for a comprehensive, integrated approach to reading and writing instruction that directly and systematically builds on and develops oral language while explicitly teaching the structure of written language. Structured Literacy integrates the full scope of the necessary instructional content (WHAT is taught) with essential methods or principles of teaching (HOW content is taught) to develop the automaticity and fluency needed for proficient reading and writing.

“Learning happens at the magical intersection of teacher-facilitated student engagement with oral and written language instruction and practice to develop a student’s language proficiency and knowledge of the world” (Odegard, 2024). Structured Literacy is the intricate weaving together of critical literacy skills through direct and comprehensive instruction.

Ready to take your Structured Literacy knowledge and practice to the next level?

References: 

• • • Science of Reading Defining Guide (The Reading League)
    • International Dyslexia Association 
    • Structured Literacy: Applying the Science of Reading in the Classroom (Lexia)
    • Structured Literacy Grounded in the Science of Reading (IDA Perspective on Language and Literacy – 75th Anniversary Issue)
    • Structured Literacy Program Framework Guidelines (PDE)
    • The Science of Reading: An Overview (National Center on Improving Literacy)

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